Rosiglitazone is an anti-diabetic agent and a high-affinity ligand for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma), which functions as a central regulator of adipogenesis and lipid metabolism. Studies have shown that rosiglitazone enhances insulin-mediated glucose uptake at the whole-body level. However, the fact that the results of several research studies and meta-analyses examining the relationship between rosiglitazone and cardiovascular death have so far been conflicting means that the safety of the drug is yet to be determined. The work presented here is the first step toward discovering the molecular events that lead to association of rosiglitazone and the increased risk of heart failure. To this end, we have employed Illumina's BeadArray technology to examine the time course gene expression of ventricular myocytes in neonatal rats under the treatment of the drug and identified the differentially expressed genes and relevant over-expressed biological processes and pathways.