Locally change default value of \abovedisplayskip
...
{\setlength{\abovedisplayskip}{12pt plus 3pt minus 9pt} %example
    \begin{equation}
    ...
    \end{equation}}
If you use the array environment to display a sequence of equations inside the equation environment and find that the vertical spacing among the equations are too narrow, you can do the following:
\usepackage{array}
...
...
{\setlength{\extrarowheight}{length} %let length=9pt
    \begin{equation}
        \begin{array}{}
        ...
        \end{array}
    \end{equation}}
Last updated: April 15, 2008